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- Economy
-
- Overview: Fundamentally, Afghanistan is an extremely poor,
- landlocked country, highly dependent on farming (wheat especially)
- and livestock raising (sheep and goats). Economic considerations,
- however, have played second fiddle to political and military
- upheavals, including the nine-year Soviet military occupation
- (ended 15 February 1989) and the continuing bloody civil
- war. Over the past decade, one-third of the population has
- fled the country, with Pakistan sheltering some 3 million
- refugees and Iran perhaps 2 million. Another 1 million have
- probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan.
- Large numbers of bridges, buildings, and factories have
- been destroyed or damaged by military action or sabotage.
- Government claims to the contrary, gross domestic product
- almost certainly is lower than 10 years ago because of the
- loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and
- transport. Official claims indicate that agriculture grew
- by 0.7% and industry by 3.5% in 1988.
-
- GDP: $3 billion, per capita $200; real growth rate 0% (1989 est.).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): over 50% (1989 est.).
-
- Unemployment rate: NA%.
-
- Budget: revenues NA; expenditures $646.7 million, including
- capital expenditures of $370.2 million (FY87 est.).
-
- Exports: $512 million (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--natural
- gas 55%, fruits and nuts 24%, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton,
- hides, and pelts; partners--mostly USSR and Eastern Europe.
-
- Imports: $996 million (c.i.f., FY88); commodities--food
- and petroleum products; partners--mostly USSR and Eastern
- Europe.
-
- External debt: $1.8 billion (December 1989 est.).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 6.2% (FY89 plan).
-
- Electricity: 480,000 kW capacity; 1,470 million kWh produced,
- 100 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,
- shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural
- gas, oil, coal, copper.
-
- Agriculture: largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal
- husbandry; cash products--wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts,
- wool, mutton.
-
- Illicit drugs: an illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis
- for the international drug trade; world's second largest
- opium producer (after Burma) and a major source of hashish.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $265 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $419 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $57
- million; Communist countries (1970-88), $4.1 billion.
-
- Currency: afghani (plural--afghanis); 1 afghani (Af) = 100
- puls.
-
- Exchange rates: afghanis (Af) per US$1--50.6 (fixed rate
- since 1982).
-
- Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March.
-